Choosing a career provokes anxiety for young people. There are just so many choices, so many jobs, so many university and technical and further education (TAFE) courses. Spoiled for choice and suffering from decision fatigue, young people turn to TED talks and YouTube videos for help.
These motivational career advice videos always follow a similar narrative.
The horrible 9-to-5: I once had a normal job like you. I was caught in the hamster wheel of work. I was miserable. I wasn’t myself. I was wearing a mask at work. I couldn’t stand working for the man.
The calling: I looked deep inside my heart. I rediscovered long-lost passions. I was brave and took the leap. It was hard. There were obstacles. I thought about quitting. I started with little and built this up into something big and beautiful.
The purpose-driven job: Now I can’t wait to get out of bed in the morning to get to work. Business is great. I make a lot of money. If I can do it, so can you.
This “follow your passion”, “live your dream”, “be your own boss”, “be happy” narrative is simultaneously great advice and a mental health crisis in the making.
There are about 152 million jobs in the US, 45 million in Germany, 36 million in the UK, and 13 million in Australia. We can’t create an economy where all jobs align perfectly with the personal passions and preferences of all workers.
Why are we so obsessed these days with our jobs having to be meaningful? Why do our lives revolve so much around work? The first reason I can think of is the demise of religion. The religious narrative of a meaningful afterlife allowed us to endure even the most annoying jobs, as we could view them as a temporary nuisance on our way to eternal bliss. Today, religion is out of fashion, especially with millennials and Gen Z, and meaning must be created in the here and now. We pushed the responsibility of meaning-making away from religion and towards other parts of our lives.
As we spend most of our waking hours at work, our jobs are the most obvious option to shoulder the burden of providing us with meaning. Other activities — lunch, gym, holidays — are intensely documented on social media to convince ourselves (and others) that our lives are worth living. Using social media to provide meaning to a life is routinely looked down on by older generations. Before criticising this, remember how much Instagram and Facebook shape the self-confidence of younger generations.
Why aren’t young people simply seeking meaning in their community, in their families, through volunteering? The changed timeline of our lives may be to blame. Young people partner up, marry, settle down and become parents much later. In the meantime, they move around a lot more. They move to distant cities, work longer hours and live in anonymous neighbourhoods. Under such circumstances it’s hard to become part of a strong community and be engaged in big volunteering networks.
Now let’s explore our belief in the meritocracy. In recent decades the capitalistic and individualistic world view has prevailed over the socialistic and collective world view. We emphasise the importance of our own hard work and believe we get what we deserve. Our young people are being told they are the most highly educated and privileged generation ever. They — and for the first time this specifically includes women — can achieve whatever they want if they only put in enough effort.
As long as things are going well, this approach is great and we take credit for all the good things that happen to us. Once things aren’t going well, our meritocratic mindset can lead us into a whirlwind of depression and anxiety. We have no one else to blame but ourselves. It’s my fault that I am in a job that doesn’t make me hyper-excited about getting up in the morning. The career gurus on YouTube tell us we should be in jobs that make us feel that excitement every day. Clearly, we have failed and are reminded of this failure every day when our jobs don’t excite us.
Body-image issues have long been a huge mental health problem in young people, who beat themselves up for failing to look like top models or bodybuilders. We now experience work-image issues in much the same way.
However, given the need for feel-good jobs, more purpose-driven businesses will emerge. Young entrepreneurs will start businesses that are focused on doing some good, not just the bottom line. They will do this out of the conviction that work should provide income and purpose, and should benefit the world (whatever that means).
Workers in such jobs will feel empowered and truly happy at work. Such jobs are worth striving for. There is, however, no way that all of the millions of jobs that we need to keep our economies going will be empowering and purposeful. That’s not how an economy works. Most jobs still will feel like work and will be made up of tasks we consider boring, menial and meaningless.
This is likely to lead to more mental health issues and anxiety disorders in young people. Millennials (also known as Gen Y, born between 1982 and 1999) and Gen Zs (born between 2000 and 2017) will make up almost 70 per cent of the Australian workforce in 2029. In other developed economies these ratios are much the same. These are the least religious generations in history and have been brought up on the “work must be purposeful” narrative and the meritocracy argument. They are likely to desire and, in large numbers, to fail to secure meaningful jobs. How to move forward from here? The first strategy is paradoxical in nature, which tends to be the case when dealing with wicked problems.
We must continue to strive for meaningful work while avoiding becoming obsessed about such jobs. The narrative that a normal 9-to-5 job is horrible must not be seen as a universal truism. Once we decide average is dreadful, we make sure the majority feels horrible about their lives. Nobody benefits from this.
Further, we must stop our obsession with happiness and satisfaction in the here and now. Nobody will ever live a life of constant happiness and bliss — an idea consumerism emphasises and religion rejects. We are, however, creating the expectation that purposeful work is the new norm, rather than an exception worth striving for. I am certain the young generations, after experiencing a lot of pain, will come up with new ways of creating meaning in their lives. Meditation, yoga and mindfulness programs are already booming for a reason. No wonder — the wellbeing of our young workers depends on it.